Our world in data excess mortality
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline?country=~JPN
Early heart disease deaths rise to 14-year high
Over 100,000 excess deaths involving cardiovascular conditions in England since February 2020
Heart and circulatory diseases cause around a quarter of all deaths in England,
Over 140,000 deaths each year,
or one death every four minutes.
Healthcare costs relating to heart and circulatory diseases, £8.3 billion each year.
The cost of cardiovascular disease to the wider economy in England,
(including premature death, disability and informal costs),
is estimated to be £22 billion each year.
Latest NHS England figures show that the number of people waiting for cardiac care at the end of November in England was 402,208.
The heart care waiting list is 72% larger than in February 2020.
This is an increase of 169,000 people – enough to fill Wembley stadium nearly twice over.
In 2022
Over 39,000 people in England died prematurely of cardiovascular conditions,
heart attacks, coronary heart disease and stroke,
an average of 750 people each week.
It is the highest annual total since 2008.
Since 2020, the premature death rate for cardiovascular disease has risen year-on-year
This is the first time there has been a clear reversal in the trend for almost 60 years.
The BHF says more analysis is needed to understand what is driving the trend.
Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, Associate Medical Director at the BHF and Consultant Cardiologist, said:
We are still seeing more people than expected die from cardiovascular conditions overall – more than any other disease group.
It’s clear to me that urgent intervention is long overdue.
In January 2023, the Government announced a Major Conditions Strategy to tackle the biggest drivers of ill health and early death in England
https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYmUwNmFhMjYtNGZhYS00NDk2LWFlMTAtOTg0OGNhNmFiNGM0IiwidCI6ImVlNGUxNDk5LTRhMzUtNGIyZS1hZDQ3LTVmM2NmOWRlODY2NiIsImMiOjh9
,physiology,nursing,NCLEX,health,disease,biology,medicine,nurse education,medical education,pathophysiology,campbell,human biology,human body,aURT9LLiz2M,, Health,Knowledge, channel_UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg, video_aURT9LLiz2M,Intradermal Mycobacterium vaccae and obuense (IMM-101)
Oral Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)
UK could be first country to offer norovirus jab against ‘winter vomiting bug’
New vaccine could stop people developing the highly infectious illness after early trial results found it creates a ‘strong immune response’
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/10/23/norovirus-vaccine-winter-vomiting-bug-moderna-wes-streeting/
mRNA
Systemic distribution inevitable
Antigenic dose produced varies
Longevity of mRNA?
Use of synthetic base
Contamination from manufacturing process
https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/uks-first-norovirus-mrna-vaccine-trial-launched
First Phase 3 randomised clinical trial
Nova 301 trial, mRNA-1403
Trivalent, targeting three major strains of norovirus
mRNA norovirus vaccine, UK wide, 39 sites
Sponsored by Moderna,
Trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of mRNA-1403
Aims to recruit 2,500 participants, UK, late October to early 2025
Some mobile sites for community visits
25,000 globally
Half mRNA, half placebo
18 years + but 60 + wanted
Single dose vaccine at the first visit - a jab given in the upper arm.
The trial lasts up to 25 months.
At least six in-person visits to the clinical trial site,
and five phone calls with the trial team.
Part of a 10-year partnership between Moderna and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) on behalf of UK Government
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-cements-10-year-partnership-with-moderna-in-major-boost-for-vaccines-and-research
UK Vaccine Innovation Pathway (VIP) and the NIHR working together to accelerate vaccine trials in the UK.
https://bepartofresearch.nihr.ac.uk/?utm_source=nihr-website&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=bpor-nova
Dr Patrick Moore, Chief Investigator of the trial
The UK is really pleased to be able to play an important role in helping find an effective vaccine against this highly contagious disease.
NIHR Chief Executive Professor Lucy Chappell
Leveraging the UK’s expertise in vaccine development, the DHSC through the NIHR and Moderna are delivering this large-scale trial at pace,
so that people across the UK and the world can benefit sooner.
From the NIHR site
the Nova 301 trial serves as a model for future collaborations between the public and private sectors in advancing medical research.
Norovirus
https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html#:~:text=Economic%20impact,-Norovirus%20illness%20is&text=Every%20year%2C%20norovirus%20is%20estimated,healthcare%20costs%20and%20lost%20productivity.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/224225-overview
Worldwide, about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis is caused by norovirus.
Gastroenteritis typically develops 12-48 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water or after contact with an infected individual.
Symptoms typically last for 24-72 hours.
All ages
Nausea and vomiting
Watery diarrhea
Possible dehydration
Abdominal cramps
Headaches
Low-grade fever
Myalgias and malaise
Norovirus genus
More than 40 different strains
GII.4 Sydney
Transmission
Person to person, direct contact, exposure to aerosols, fecal–oral routes.
ID50 = 10 virions
,physiology,nursing,NCLEX,health,disease,biology,medicine,nurse education,medical education,pathophysiology,campbell,human biology,human body,ENuGXJB06o0,, Health,Society, channel_UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg, video_ENuGXJB06o0,Vitamin D: A key player in COVID‐19 immunity and lessons from the pandemic to combat immune‐evasive variants
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-024-01578-w
As of July 2024
775,754,322 confirmed cases of COVID-19
13,578,710,228 vaccine doses had been administered
It is unclear why some patients develop severe symptoms while others do not,
literature suggests a role for vitamin D.
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the infection or in ameliorating the severity of symptoms.
VDD is associated with increased hospitalization of severely ill patients and increased levels of COVID-19-caused mortality.
The mechanism of action of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is well understood.
Vitamin D levels and genetic variations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene significantly impact the severity and out- comes of COVID-19,
especially in the infections caused by Delta and Omicron variants.
Furthermore, VDD causes immune system dysregulation upon infection with SARS-CoV-2,
indicating that vitamin D sufficiency is crucial in fighting against COVID-19 infection.
Potential role as a prophylactic and treatment adjunct.
Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D
Ability to enhance the efficacy of new antiviral drugs
Large- scale randomized trials are required to reach a definitive conclusion.
Mechanisms of action
Macrophages activated to produce defensive proteins and stimulate naïve T cells
Activate T lymphocytes and mature B lymphocytes into plasma cells
Prevents inflammation, vasoconstriction, and fibrosis of the lungs.
Prevents excess release of cytokines from macrophages
Prevents excessive CRP production in the liver
Vit D can reduce viral replication
Vitamin D can protect against ARDS, the main death-causing complication of COVID-19
Seven out of nine studies reviewed by Yisak
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33447107/
have indicated a crucial role in vitamin D status in COVID-19 infection, prognosis, and mortality.
Vitamin D dose
To decrease the risk of contracting a new infection,
people at high risk of COVID-19 to take 10,000 IU d−1 of vitamin D for a few weeks,
followed by 5000 IU d−1 to raise the concentrations of the active form of vitamin D.
Blood levels
Levels below 12 ng/mL indicate severe deficiency.
Levels between 12 and 20 ng/mL suggest deficiency
Treatment recommended for levels below 30 ng/mL
Optimal levels are 30–60 ng/mL,
Recommended prophylactic dose
0–1 years, 400 IU/day (10 mcg)
over 1 year, 600 IU (15 mcg)
over 8 years, half an adult dose
Adults, 800– 2000 IU of cholecalciferol
Routine toxicity monitoring is unnecessary for doses under 10,000 IU/day
,1,Isle of Wight mushroom farm, https://www.iwmushrooms.co.uk/
Thanks to Alex and Dana for showing us around and teaching us about functional mushrooms.
,1,Lewy body dementias (LBD), 1.4 million in the United States.
https://www.lbda.org/10-things-you-should-know-about-lbd/
Presence of Lewy bodies
Typically progresses rapidly
Lewy Body Dementia Association
We understand that though many families are affected by this disease, few individuals and medical professionals are aware of the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, or even that LBD exists.
Lewy body dementias (LBD) are the second most common form of degenerative dementia.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is most common.
LBD can have three common presentations
Some start with a movement disorder leading to the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and later develop dementia.
This is diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease dementia.
Others start with a cognitive/memory disorder that may be mistaken for AD,
leading to the diagnosis of ‘dementia with Lewy bodies’ (DLB).
A small group will first present with neuropsychiatric symptoms, hallucinations, behavioral problems, difficulty with complex mental activities
The most common symptoms of LBD include:
Impaired thinking, such as loss of executive function (planning, processing information), memory, or the ability to understand visual information
Fluctuations in cognition, attention, or alertness
Problems with movement, including tremors, stiffness, slowness, and difficulty walking
Visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not present)
The symptoms of LBD are treatable
Early and accurate diagnosis of LBD is essential
Early and accurate diagnosis is important because LBD patients may react to certain medications differently than AD or PD patients.
A variety of drugs, including some dementia meds and some antiparkinsonian medications, can worsen LBD symptoms.
(LBD affects an individual’s brain differently than other dementias).
Treatment should always be monitored by a physician and may include prescriptive and other therapies, exercise, diet, sleep habits, changes in behavior, and daily routines.
Individuals and families living with LBD should not have to face this disease alone.
LBD affects every aspect of a person – their mood, the way they think, and the way they move.
The combination of cognitive, motor and behavioral symptoms creates a highly challenging set of demands for continuing care.
Physician education is urgently needed.
More research is urgently needed.
Research needs include tools for early diagnoses, such as screening questionnaires, biomarkers, neuroimaging techniques, and more effective therapies.
Currently, there is no specific test to diagnose LBD.
,1,33% Agree COVID-19 Vaccine ‘Is Killing Large Numbers of People’
How much trust do you now have for the medical and pharmaceutical industries?
A lot of trust, 17%
Some trust, 37%
Not much trust at all, 25%
No trust, 18%
Not much or none = 43%
https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/population-estimates-age-sex.html
https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html
262, 083, 034
Not much or none
= 112, 695, 704
Do you agree or disagree with this statement about COVID-19 vaccines: "The vaccine is killing people, and is killing large numbers of people."
Strongly agree, 16%
Somewhat agree, 17%
Somewhat disagree, 18%
Strongly disagree, 39%
Agree and strongly agree = 33%
Agree and strongly agree
= 86, 487,401
Conducted June 13 and 16-17, 2024
https://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/public_surveys/crosstabs_2_covid_19_vaccine_june_13_and_16_17_2024
https://www.rasmussenreports.com
In regard to getting vaccinated against the COVID-19 virus, which of the following best describes you:
Adults, n = 1,223
No vaccine taken, 25%
One vaccine, 14%
More than one vaccine, 20%
Two vaccines + booster, 38%
Do you regret taking covid vaccine?
One vaccine, 35%
More than one vaccine, 43%
Two vaccines + booster, 22%
How much trust do you now have for the medical and pharmaceutical industries?
Some trust
No vaccine taken, 15%
One vaccine, 12%
More than one vaccine, 19%
Two vaccines + booster, 53%
Not much trust
No vaccine taken, 30%
One vaccine, 19%
More than one vaccine, 27%
Two vaccines + booster, 22%
No trust at all
No vaccine taken, 53%
One vaccine, 18%
More than one vaccine, 17%
Two vaccines + booster, 10%
Do you agree or disagree with this statement about COVID-19 vaccines:
"The vaccine is killing people, and is killing large numbers of people."
Strongly agree
No vaccine taken, 58%
One vaccine, 14%
More than one vaccine, 16%
Two vaccines + booster, 11%
Somewhat agree
No vaccine taken, 40%
One vaccine, 20%
More than one vaccine, 26%
Two vaccines + booster, 11%
Somewhat disagree
No vaccine taken, 24%
One vaccine, 19%
More than one vaccine, 33%
Two vaccines + booster, 22%
Strongly disagree
No vaccine taken, 5%
One vaccine, 8%
More than one vaccine, 14%
Two vaccines + booster, 72%
,1,Our world in data excess mortality
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline?country=~JPN
Early heart disease deaths rise to 14-year high
Over 100,000 excess deaths involving cardiovascular conditions in England since February 2020
Heart and circulatory diseases cause around a quarter of all deaths in England,
Over 140,000 deaths each year,
or one death every four minutes.
Healthcare costs relating to heart and circulatory diseases, £8.3 billion each year.
The cost of cardiovascular disease to the wider economy in England,
(including premature death, disability and informal costs),
is estimated to be £22 billion each year.
Latest NHS England figures show that the number of people waiting for cardiac care at the end of November in England was 402,208.
The heart care waiting list is 72% larger than in February 2020.
This is an increase of 169,000 people – enough to fill Wembley stadium nearly twice over.
In 2022
Over 39,000 people in England died prematurely of cardiovascular conditions,
heart attacks, coronary heart disease and stroke,
an average of 750 people each week.
It is the highest annual total since 2008.
Since 2020, the premature death rate for cardiovascular disease has risen year-on-year
This is the first time there has been a clear reversal in the trend for almost 60 years.
The BHF says more analysis is needed to understand what is driving the trend.
Dr Sonya Babu-Narayan, Associate Medical Director at the BHF and Consultant Cardiologist, said:
We are still seeing more people than expected die from cardiovascular conditions overall – more than any other disease group.
It’s clear to me that urgent intervention is long overdue.
In January 2023, the Government announced a Major Conditions Strategy to tackle the biggest drivers of ill health and early death in England
https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiYmUwNmFhMjYtNGZhYS00NDk2LWFlMTAtOTg0OGNhNmFiNGM0IiwidCI6ImVlNGUxNDk5LTRhMzUtNGIyZS1hZDQ3LTVmM2NmOWRlODY2NiIsImMiOjh9
