New mRNA vaccine trials

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Intradermal Mycobacterium vaccae and obuense (IMM-101) Oral Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) UK could be first country to offer norovirus jab against ‘winter vomiting bug’ New vaccine could stop people developing the highly infectious illness after early trial results found it creates a ‘strong immune response’ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/10/23/norovirus-vaccine-winter-vomiting-bug-moderna-wes-streeting/ mRNA Systemic distribution inevitable Antigenic dose produced varies Longevity of mRNA? Use of synthetic base Contamination from manufacturing process https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/uks-first-norovirus-mrna-vaccine-trial-launched First Phase 3 randomised clinical trial Nova 301 trial, mRNA-1403 Trivalent, targeting three major strains of norovirus mRNA norovirus vaccine, UK wide, 39 sites Sponsored by Moderna, Trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of mRNA-1403 Aims to recruit 2,500 participants, UK, late October to early 2025 Some mobile sites for community visits 25,000 globally Half mRNA, half placebo 18 years + but 60 + wanted Single dose vaccine at the first visit - a jab given in the upper arm. The trial lasts up to 25 months. At least six in-person visits to the clinical trial site, and five phone calls with the trial team. Part of a 10-year partnership between Moderna and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) on behalf of UK Government https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-cements-10-year-partnership-with-moderna-in-major-boost-for-vaccines-and-research UK Vaccine Innovation Pathway (VIP) and the NIHR working together to accelerate vaccine trials in the UK. https://bepartofresearch.nihr.ac.uk/?utm_source=nihr-website&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=bpor-nova Dr Patrick Moore, Chief Investigator of the trial The UK is really pleased to be able to play an important role in helping find an effective vaccine against this highly contagious disease. NIHR Chief Executive Professor Lucy Chappell Leveraging the UK’s expertise in vaccine development, the DHSC through the NIHR and Moderna are delivering this large-scale trial at pace, so that people across the UK and the world can benefit sooner. From the NIHR site the Nova 301 trial serves as a model for future collaborations between the public and private sectors in advancing medical research. Norovirus https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html#:~:text=Economic%20impact,-Norovirus%20illness%20is&text=Every%20year%2C%20norovirus%20is%20estimated,healthcare%20costs%20and%20lost%20productivity. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/224225-overview Worldwide, about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis is caused by norovirus. Gastroenteritis typically develops 12-48 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water or after contact with an infected individual. Symptoms typically last for 24-72 hours. All ages Nausea and vomiting Watery diarrhea Possible dehydration Abdominal cramps Headaches Low-grade fever Myalgias and malaise Norovirus genus More than 40 different strains GII.4 Sydney Transmission Person to person, direct contact, exposure to aerosols, fecal–oral routes. ID50 = 10 virions

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00:20:39

New Vitamin D paper

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315K views 6 days ago

,Vitamin D: A key player in COVID‐19 immunity and lessons from the pandemic to combat immune‐evasive variants https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-024-01578-w As of July 2024 775,754,322 confirmed cases of COVID-19 13,578,710,228 vaccine doses had been administered It is unclear why some patients develop severe symptoms while others do not, literature suggests a role for vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the infection or in ameliorating the severity of symptoms. VDD is associated with increased hospitalization of severely ill patients and increased levels of COVID-19-caused mortality. The mechanism of action of vitamin D and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is well understood. Vitamin D levels and genetic variations in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene significantly impact the severity and out- comes of COVID-19, especially in the infections caused by Delta and Omicron variants. Furthermore, VDD causes immune system dysregulation upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, indicating that vitamin D sufficiency is crucial in fighting against COVID-19 infection. Potential role as a prophylactic and treatment adjunct. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D Ability to enhance the efficacy of new antiviral drugs Large- scale randomized trials are required to reach a definitive conclusion. Mechanisms of action Macrophages activated to produce defensive proteins and stimulate naïve T cells Activate T lymphocytes and mature B lymphocytes into plasma cells Prevents inflammation, vasoconstriction, and fibrosis of the lungs. Prevents excess release of cytokines from macrophages Prevents excessive CRP production in the liver Vit D can reduce viral replication Vitamin D can protect against ARDS, the main death-causing complication of COVID-19 Seven out of nine studies reviewed by Yisak https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33447107/ have indicated a crucial role in vitamin D status in COVID-19 infection, prognosis, and mortality. Vitamin D dose To decrease the risk of contracting a new infection, people at high risk of COVID-19 to take 10,000 IU d−1 of vitamin D for a few weeks, followed by 5000 IU d−1 to raise the concentrations of the active form of vitamin D. Blood levels Levels below 12 ng/mL indicate severe deficiency. Levels between 12 and 20 ng/mL suggest deficiency Treatment recommended for levels below 30 ng/mL Optimal levels are 30–60 ng/mL, Recommended prophylactic dose 0–1 years, 400 IU/day (10 mcg) over 1 year, 600 IU (15 mcg) over 8 years, half an adult dose Adults, 800– 2000 IU of cholecalciferol Routine toxicity monitoring is unnecessary for doses under 10,000 IU/day

00:25:35

Functional mushrooms

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1 views 3 months ago

00:17:54

Dementia awareness

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1 views 4 months ago

,Lewy body dementias (LBD), 1.4 million in the United States. https://www.lbda.org/10-things-you-should-know-about-lbd/ Presence of Lewy bodies Typically progresses rapidly Lewy Body Dementia Association We understand that though many families are affected by this disease, few individuals and medical professionals are aware of the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, or even that LBD exists. Lewy body dementias (LBD) are the second most common form of degenerative dementia. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is most common. LBD can have three common presentations Some start with a movement disorder leading to the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and later develop dementia. This is diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease dementia. Others start with a cognitive/memory disorder that may be mistaken for AD, leading to the diagnosis of ‘dementia with Lewy bodies’ (DLB). A small group will first present with neuropsychiatric symptoms, hallucinations, behavioral problems, difficulty with complex mental activities The most common symptoms of LBD include: Impaired thinking, such as loss of executive function (planning, processing information), memory, or the ability to understand visual information Fluctuations in cognition, attention, or alertness Problems with movement, including tremors, stiffness, slowness, and difficulty walking Visual hallucinations (seeing things that are not present) The symptoms of LBD are treatable Early and accurate diagnosis of LBD is essential Early and accurate diagnosis is important because LBD patients may react to certain medications differently than AD or PD patients. A variety of drugs, including some dementia meds and some antiparkinsonian medications, can worsen LBD symptoms. (LBD affects an individual’s brain differently than other dementias). Treatment should always be monitored by a physician and may include prescriptive and other therapies, exercise, diet, sleep habits, changes in behavior, and daily routines. Individuals and families living with LBD should not have to face this disease alone. LBD affects every aspect of a person – their mood, the way they think, and the way they move. The combination of cognitive, motor and behavioral symptoms creates a highly challenging set of demands for continuing care. Physician education is urgently needed. More research is urgently needed. Research needs include tools for early diagnoses, such as screening questionnaires, biomarkers, neuroimaging techniques, and more effective therapies. Currently, there is no specific test to diagnose LBD.

00:11:41

Lack of trust increasing

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1 views 4 months ago

,33% Agree COVID-19 Vaccine ‘Is Killing Large Numbers of People’ How much trust do you now have for the medical and pharmaceutical industries? A lot of trust, 17% Some trust, 37% Not much trust at all, 25% No trust, 18% Not much or none = 43% https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023/population-estimates-age-sex.html https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-detail.html 262, 083, 034 Not much or none = 112, 695, 704 Do you agree or disagree with this statement about COVID-19 vaccines: "The vaccine is killing people, and is killing large numbers of people." Strongly agree, 16% Somewhat agree, 17% Somewhat disagree, 18% Strongly disagree, 39% Agree and strongly agree = 33% Agree and strongly agree = 86, 487,401 Conducted June 13 and 16-17, 2024 https://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/public_surveys/crosstabs_2_covid_19_vaccine_june_13_and_16_17_2024 https://www.rasmussenreports.com In regard to getting vaccinated against the COVID-19 virus, which of the following best describes you: Adults, n = 1,223 No vaccine taken, 25% One vaccine, 14% More than one vaccine, 20% Two vaccines + booster, 38% Do you regret taking covid vaccine? One vaccine, 35% More than one vaccine, 43% Two vaccines + booster, 22% How much trust do you now have for the medical and pharmaceutical industries? Some trust No vaccine taken, 15% One vaccine, 12% More than one vaccine, 19% Two vaccines + booster, 53% Not much trust No vaccine taken, 30% One vaccine, 19% More than one vaccine, 27% Two vaccines + booster, 22% No trust at all No vaccine taken, 53% One vaccine, 18% More than one vaccine, 17% Two vaccines + booster, 10% Do you agree or disagree with this statement about COVID-19 vaccines: "The vaccine is killing people, and is killing large numbers of people." Strongly agree No vaccine taken, 58% One vaccine, 14% More than one vaccine, 16% Two vaccines + booster, 11% Somewhat agree No vaccine taken, 40% One vaccine, 20% More than one vaccine, 26% Two vaccines + booster, 11% Somewhat disagree No vaccine taken, 24% One vaccine, 19% More than one vaccine, 33% Two vaccines + booster, 22% Strongly disagree No vaccine taken, 5% One vaccine, 8% More than one vaccine, 14% Two vaccines + booster, 72%

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New mRNA vaccine trials

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133K views 4 days ago

,Intradermal Mycobacterium vaccae and obuense (IMM-101) Oral Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) UK could be first country to offer norovirus jab against ‘winter vomiting bug’ New vaccine could stop people developing the highly infectious illness after early trial results found it creates a ‘strong immune response’ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/10/23/norovirus-vaccine-winter-vomiting-bug-moderna-wes-streeting/ mRNA Systemic distribution inevitable Antigenic dose produced varies Longevity of mRNA? Use of synthetic base Contamination from manufacturing process https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/uks-first-norovirus-mrna-vaccine-trial-launched First Phase 3 randomised clinical trial Nova 301 trial, mRNA-1403 Trivalent, targeting three major strains of norovirus mRNA norovirus vaccine, UK wide, 39 sites Sponsored by Moderna, Trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of mRNA-1403 Aims to recruit 2,500 participants, UK, late October to early 2025 Some mobile sites for community visits 25,000 globally Half mRNA, half placebo 18 years + but 60 + wanted Single dose vaccine at the first visit - a jab given in the upper arm. The trial lasts up to 25 months. At least six in-person visits to the clinical trial site, and five phone calls with the trial team. Part of a 10-year partnership between Moderna and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) on behalf of UK Government https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-cements-10-year-partnership-with-moderna-in-major-boost-for-vaccines-and-research UK Vaccine Innovation Pathway (VIP) and the NIHR working together to accelerate vaccine trials in the UK. https://bepartofresearch.nihr.ac.uk/?utm_source=nihr-website&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=bpor-nova Dr Patrick Moore, Chief Investigator of the trial The UK is really pleased to be able to play an important role in helping find an effective vaccine against this highly contagious disease. NIHR Chief Executive Professor Lucy Chappell Leveraging the UK’s expertise in vaccine development, the DHSC through the NIHR and Moderna are delivering this large-scale trial at pace, so that people across the UK and the world can benefit sooner. From the NIHR site the Nova 301 trial serves as a model for future collaborations between the public and private sectors in advancing medical research. Norovirus https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/data-research/index.html#:~:text=Economic%20impact,-Norovirus%20illness%20is&text=Every%20year%2C%20norovirus%20is%20estimated,healthcare%20costs%20and%20lost%20productivity. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/224225-overview Worldwide, about 1 out of every 5 cases of acute gastroenteritis is caused by norovirus. Gastroenteritis typically develops 12-48 hours after ingestion of contaminated food or water or after contact with an infected individual. Symptoms typically last for 24-72 hours. All ages Nausea and vomiting Watery diarrhea Possible dehydration Abdominal cramps Headaches Low-grade fever Myalgias and malaise Norovirus genus More than 40 different strains GII.4 Sydney Transmission Person to person, direct contact, exposure to aerosols, fecal–oral routes. ID50 = 10 virions